1. Atomization: Liquid feed is sprayed through a nozzle or atomizer, converting it into fine droplets.
2. Drying Chamber: The droplets enter the drying chamber, where hot air rapidly evaporates the moisture, forming solid particles.
3. Air Distribution: Hot air is evenly distributed through the drying chamber, ensuring uniform drying of the droplets.
4. Particle Separation: The dried particles are separated from the air using a cyclone or bag filter.
5. Product Collection: Dried particles are collected at the bottom of the cyclone or filter for further processing or packaging.
6. Air Re-circulation: The hot air is re-circulated through the system to conserve energy and reduce operating costs.
7. 

Advantages of spray dryer

1. Fast Drying: Spray dryers can dry materials in seconds or minutes, which is much faster than many other drying methods.
2. Uniform Particle Size: Spray drying creates particles of consistent size, leading to better product quality and performance.
3. Flexible Operation: Spray dryers can handle a wide range of feed materials and produce different types of powders.
4. Continuous Operation: Many spray dryers can run continuously, increasing productivity and reducing downtime.
5. Low Temperature: Spray drying can be done at relatively low temperatures, which helps preserve heat-sensitive materials.
6. Reduced Waste: Because spray drying is a controlled process, there is less risk of product waste or contamination.